Current World affaire , America ~ Ven.Vamsapala (M.C.U)

Contents

• 1. North America

• 1.1 United States of America

• 1.2 Canada

•

• 1.3 MEXICO

• 2. Central America

• 2.1 Belize

• 2.2 Guatemala

• 2.3 Costa Rica

• 2.4 Panama

• 2.5 El Salvador

• 2.6 Honduras

• 2.7 Nicaragua

• 2.8 Cuba

• 2.9 Jamaica

• 2.10 Democratic Republic

• 2.11 Haiti

• 3. South America

• 3.1 Colombia

• 3.2 Venezuela

• 3.3 Ecuador

• 3.4 Brazil

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3.5 Argentina

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• 3.6 Peru

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• 3.7 Chile

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• 3.8 Paraguay

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• 3.9 Uruguay

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• 3.10 Guyana

Introduction

There 35 countries in the holly America. Each countries has diffident current situation now we are going to talk about those all most countries current affair and including their historical background too.

Current World Affairs

1. North America

North America History and Culture: Humans settled on the continent of North America sometime between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago, in what is now known as Alaska. The first people to come to the continent came across the Bering Sea, from Asia. As people spread throughout the large continent they developed their own unique histories, cultures, and societies. The Olmec of Mexico created the first civilized society in the Western Hemisphere, which included a writing system, a calendar, and architecture. In 700 AD, the Maya settled in both Mexico and Central America, creating religion and cities. The Toltec and Aztec cultures followed.

1.1 United States of America

History of USA: The United States was the result of the original Thirteen Colonies revolting against the British Empire when they declared independence on July 4, 1776. The territory was first home to the Native Americans since prehistoric times. It was in 1492 that an Italian explorer working under Spanish charter reached these lands and claimed them. His name, of course, was Christopher Columbus. Later, disagreements between American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of 1760-70s led to the Revolutionary War, fought from 1775-1781.

Declaration of Independence: American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of the 1760s and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War, fought from 1775 to 1781. On June 14, 1775, established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington.[1]

General Information of USA: Capital City: Washington D.C

— Largest City: New York City

— National Languages: English (De Facto)

— Government: Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic

— President: Barack Obama (Barack Hussein Obama) 44^th President Sates

— Vice President: Joe Biden

— Independence: 4^th July 1776 from Kingdom of Great Britain

— Recognized: 3^rd September 1783

— Area: Total 9,826,675 km² ( 3^rd/4^th) 3,794,101 sq mi

— Water%: 6, 76

— Population: 313,031.00(3^rd)

— GDP: $15.065 trillion (2011)

— Currency: United States Dollar ($)(USD)

— Time Zone: (UTC-5 to 10)

— Drives on the Right hand site

— Calling Code:(+1)

The U.S. population's distribution by Race & Ethnicity in 2010 was as follows.

Race / Ethnicity Number Percentage of U.S. population

Not Hispanic or Latino 258,267,944 83.7 %

— White 196,817,552 63.7 %

— Black or African American 37,685,848 12.2 %

— Asian 14,465,124 4.7 %

— Two or more races 5,966,481 1.9 %

— American Indian or Alaska Native 2,247,098 0.7 %

— Some other race 604,265 0.2 %

—

— Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 481,576 0.2 %

— Hispanic or Latino 50,477,594 16.3 %

— White 26,735,713 8.7 %

— Some other race 18,503,103 6.0 %

— Two or more races 3,042,592 1.0 %

— Black or African American 1,243,471 0.4 %

— American Indian or Alaska Native 685,150 0.2 %

— Asian 209,128 0.1 %

— Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 58,437 0.0 %

— Total 308,745,538 100.0%

Languages (2007)

— English(only) 225.5 million

— Spanish 34.5 million

— Chinese 2.5 million

— French 2.0 million

— Tagalong 1.5 million

— Vietnamese 1.2 million

— German 1.1 million

— Korean 1.1 million[2]

Religions of USA: The United States is officially a secular nation the First Amendment of the U.S. Buddhism in America: Buddhism is one of the largest religions in the United States behind Christianity, Judaism and Nonreligious, and approximate with Islam and Hinduism. American Buddhists include many Asian Americans, as well as a large number of converts of other ethnicities, and now their children and even grandchildren. Buddhism in world wild is about 500 million people who are practicing Buddhism. In USA there are so many Buddhist Temples and is rapidly increasing. Wat Thai Los Angeles one of the biggest Thai Temple in the USA.

Current World Affairs of USA: More than 70 tornadoes rip through five US states on 3^rd March. A series of powerful storms and tornadoes have killed at least 27 people in the US states of Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio, officials say. Local police confirmed that 13 people died as tornadoes swept across three counties in Indiana. Twelve more died in Kentucky, with two fatalities in Ohio. Earlier, tornadoes hit Alabama, causing widespread damage.

Barack Obama 'won't hesitate to use force' against Iran: 4^th March 2012 US President Barack Obama has told a meeting of a pro-Israel lobby group that while he preferred to use diplomacy to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons, he would not hesitate "to use force'' when necessary. He was addressing the America-Israel Public Affairs Committee on the eve of White House talks with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.[3]

1.2 Canada

Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean.

Spanning over 9.9 million square kilometers, Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world

Beginning in the late 15th century, French and British expeditions explored, and later settled, along the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America to Britain in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.

General Information of Canada: Capital City: Ottawa
Largest City: Toronto

Official languages: English and French

Recognized regional languages: Chipewyan, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut

Demonism: Canadian

Government: Federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy

Monarch: Elizabeth II

Governor General: David Johnston

Prime Minister: Stephen Harper

Establishment: British North America Acts July 1, 1867

Area: Total 9,984,670 km2 (2nd) 3,854,085 sq. mi

Water: (%) 8.92 (891,163 km2/344,080 mi2)

Population: 2012 estimate 34,760,000 (35th) 2011 census33, 476,688

Currency Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)

[4]

Regions: Canada has 13 native regions. Canadian regions are very well-balanced. Canada has an abundance of Fish and Cattle but sadly no grain regions, but luckily Canada has 1 iron region. The most populous regions of Canada are Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec.

Ethnic Origins of People in Canada: The ethnic origins of Canadian residents who are citizens, landed immigrants, and non-citizen temporary residents as recorded by them on their 2006 census form. The relevant census question asked for the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors and not the respondents themselves. There are more than 200 different ethnics origins were reported in the 2006 Census. An estimated 5,068,100 individuals were members of the visible minority population. They represented 16.2% of the total population in 2006, up from 13.4% in 2001.

Ethnicity Combined Responses As Single Multiple

Vietnamese 151,410 119,120 32,290

Bangladeshi 13,080 11,295 1,785

Khmer 10,000 710 295

Bengali 7,020 5,465 1,560

Thai 6,965 2,810 4,160

Burmese 2,840 1,070 1,770

Nepali 1,170 770 405

Canadian Arts & Culture: Canada is a young and diverse nation and Canadian culture celebrates diversity. Canadian artists have gained center stage in the hearts and minds of Canadians, and have become key figures on the international cultural scene. Adanac is an iconic font representing aspects of Canadian culture and history. Created by Vancouver based 10four Design Group, Adanac combines the studio’s passion for innovative design with their love of all things Canadian.

[5]

Buddhism in Canada: There is a small, rapidly growing Buddhist community in Canada. As of the 2001 count, 300,345 Canadians identified their religion as Buddhist and about 1% of the populations are Buddhist. Buddhism has been practiced in Canada for more than a century and in recent years has grown dramatically. Buddhism arrived in Canada with the arrival of Chinese laborers in the territories during the 19th century. Modern Buddhism in Canada traces to Japanese immigration during the late 19th century. The first Japanese Buddhist temple in Canada was built at the Ishikawa Hotel in Vancouver in 1905. Over time, the Japanese Jōdo Shinshū branch of Buddhism became the prevalent form of Buddhism in Canada and established the largest Buddhist organization in Canada.

1.3 Mexico

Mexico Spanish: México, officially the United Mexican States is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq. mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 112 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city. [6]

In 1813 the Congress of Chilpancingo was convened and, on November 6, signed the "Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America".Morelos was captured and executed on December 22, 1815. Treaty of Córdoba" and the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire", which recognized the independence of Mexico under the terms of the "Plan of Iguala.

General Information of Mexico: Capital and largest city: Mexico City

Official language: Spanish

Recognized National languages 62 Indigenous Amerindian languages

Ethnic groups: Mestizo 70%

White 15% Indigenous 9.8% Other 1%

Demonym: Mexican

Government: Federal presidential constitutional republic

President: Felipe Calderon (PAN)

Independence: From Spain

Declared: September 16, 1810

Recognized: September 27, 1821

Total Area: 1,972,550 km2 (14th)

Population: 2010 census 112,322,757 (11th)

GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate Total $1.629 trillion (11th)

[7]

2. Center America

Central America consists of the seven states.

Central America has an area of 524,000 square kilometers, or almost 0.1% of the Earth's surface. As of 2009, its population was estimated at 41,739,000. but not including Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti , Democratic republish those are known as island countries.

2.1 Belize

Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official language. Kriol, and Spanish are more commonly spoken. Belize is bordered to the north by Mexico, south and west by Guatemala, and to the east by the Caribbean Sea. Belize’s mainland is about 290 kilometers (180 mi) long and 110 kilometers (68 mi) wide.

Government = Parliamentary democracy

and Constitutional monarchy - Monarch Elizabeth II

Independence = from the United Kingdom 21 September 1981

Population - 2010 estimate 333,200

Ethnic groups (2010) 50% Mestizo
21% Kriol
10% Maya
29% others[8]

In the 7th-century Palenque was a prosperous Mayan city within the rivaling Maya civilization. Its strong rulers build rich temples with unique hieroglyphic inscriptions In AD 711.

The Great Blue Hole is an underwater sinkhole that’s part of the Belize Barrier Reef, the largest barrier reef in the Northern Hemisphere. Courtesy of Belize Tourism Board.2010, as the tourism industry bounced back from the global economic crisis, Belize received 240,000 overnight tourists and 800,000 tourists from cruise stops.

Education

There are a number of kindergartens and secondary and tertiary schools in Belize. They provide quality education for students, which are mostly funded by the government.

Economy

Tourism and Belize has a small, essentially private enterprise economy that is based primarily on agriculture.

Current news

10:04AM GMT 14 Feb 2012

The 42-year-old "struck a deal" with the schoolboys aged 13 and 14 after she was dumped by her boyfriend for another woman, it was alleged.

The mother-of-five had sexual intercourse with the younger boy before they both left, the court heard.[9]

2.2 Guatemala

City = The largest city Guatemala citty
Official language = Spanish
Government = Unitary presidential constitutional republish
President = Otto Perez Molina
Independence = From spain September= 15, 1821
Area = Total= 108,889 km
Population = July 2011 estimate = 13,824, 463 ( 69 th)

July 2007 census = 12, 728, 111[10]

The Capital of Guatemala is Guatemala City; sitting in the mountains at 5256 feet the capital has a population of 3.2 million people, almost 25% of the country’s 13 million plus population.

It is a developing country still faces many social problems and is one of the poorest countries in Latin America.

Famous place

Tikal is the best understood of any of the large lowland Maya cities, with a long dynastic ruler list, the discovery of the tombs of many of the rulers on this list and the investigation of their monuments, temples and palaces

In Guatemala 50–60% of the population is Catholic, 40% Protestant, 3% Eastern Orthodox and 1% follow the indigenous Mayan faith.

There are also small communities of Jews estimated between 1200 and 2000, Muslims (1200), Buddhists at around 9000 to 12000and members of other faiths and those who do not profess any faith.

Current news

The powerful Mexican drug cartel is suspected of decapitating 29 farm workers in northern Guatemala this past weekend.

Agents of the National Police and Guatemalan army carried out an operation Monday in Santa Elena, Petén, in northern Guatemala. Security forces said they killed two suspected drug gang members from Los Zetas and captured a third in the vicinity of the farm in the north where 29 people were beheaded.[11]

2.3 Cost Arica

Capital = san jose the largest city

Official language = spanish

Government = democracy

President= laura chinchilla

1 vice-president= alfio piya

2^nd vice-president= luis liberman

Independence = declared From spain= September=15-1821

From mexio = the first Mexican empire , july 1823

from United Provinces of Central America = March 21, 1847

recognized by spain = may 10, 1850

constitution = November 7, 1949

area = total 51,100 km2 ,19,653 sq mi

Population=2011 estimate= 4,301,712^[12]

Costa Rica is home to a rich variety of plants and animals. While the country has only about 0.25% of the world's landmass, it contains 5% of the world's biodiversity. Around 25% of the country's land area is in protected national parks and protected areas, the largest percentage of protected areas in the world.

Roman Catholicism is the official state religion according to the 1949 Constitution, which at the same time guarantees freedom of religion. 70.5% of Costa Ricans are Roman Catholics, 44.9% of the population are practicing Catholics, 13.8% are evangelical Protestants, 11.3% report they do not have a religion, and 4.3% belonged to another.

Environment

Costa Rica is a nature lover’s heaven Armed with some of the most visually stunning natural displays and formations in the world.

The Arenal Volcano rises up from the rainforest like a natural monument. Arenal is Costa Rica's most active volcano, with eruptions since 1968. One of many remarkable sights, this mountain of fire symbolizes the adventure and mysticism of the region.

Education

The literacy rate in Costa Rica is 94.9%,one of the highest in Latin America. When the army was abolished in 1949, it was said that the "army would be replaced with an army of teachers.[13]

Current news

Posted: Wednesday, February 15, 2012 - By Tico Times

Hotel occupancy in the Central Pacific, Guanacaste and Puntarenas hovered around 70 percent during the month of December. Costa Rica closed out a record-breaking year for tourism with a strong December.

The country took in 2.2 million tourists in 2011, the most ever. The number represented a 4.6 percent increase from the previous year, according to the Costa Rican Tourism Board. In December 2011, 16,000 more tourisms visited Costa Rican than in December 2010. [14].

2.4 Panama

Republic of Panama is the southernmost country of Central America To the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

Panama has the largest rainforest in the Western Hemisphere outside the Amazon Basin and its jungle is home to an abundance of tropical plants, animals and birds – some of them to be found nowhere else in the world.

Language. Second language, English is spoken by 8%, French by 4% and Arabic by 1%.In 2000, it was estimated that 91.9% of the population was literate (92.5% of males and 91.2% of females).

The most common religion in Panama is Roman Catholicism – various sources estimate that 75–85% of the population identifies itself as Roman Catholic and 15–25% as evangelical Christian.

The U.S. influence in Panama can be seen in the country's sports. Baseball is the National Sport of Panama and has regional teams and a national team that represents them in international events. Many Panamanians have played on professional teams in the United States, including Rod Carew.[15]

2.5 El Salvador

Name: Republic of El Salvador
Population: 6.19 million (2010)
Capital: San Salvador
Other major cities: Santa Ana, San Miguel, Apopa
Area: 8,124 sq miles
Currency: US Dollar
GNI per capita: $3,360 (2010)
Main exports: Textiles, coffee, sugar, tuna, chemicals, paper
Language: Spanish
Religion: Roman Catholic (52%), large number of Protestants
Life expectancy: 76 years (women), 67 years (men)[16]

Current news

El Salvador flooding death toll rises to 124 Last Updated: Sunday, November 8, 2009. Civil defense officials in El Salvador said Sunday night that the death toll from rain-triggered floods and mudslides has risen to 124, with another 60 people missing. .[17]

2.6 Nicaragua

Population= 5,891,199 in 2010, capital city of Managua , Managua's most famous festival is that of its patron saint Santo Domingo de Guzmán.It starts on the morning of August the 1st, when the "Bajada del Santo" (walk down of the saint) involves many joyful people walking and carrying the old statue of Santo Domingo from Las Sierritas Church in south Managua, to another church across the city to the north.

Current news

Page last updated at 03:00 GMT, Monday, 20 July 2009 04:00 UK

Many Nicaraguans still see Sandinistas as a model of leftist revolutionary values, while others says the current government shows little of the movement's idealism.[18]

2.7 Cuba

The Republic of Cuba is an island country in the Caribbean To the north of Cuba lies the United States (90 miles away) and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.

Official language, Spanish Ethnic groups 65.1% White, 10.1% African, 24.8% Mulatto and Mestizo Demonym Cuban Government Unitary republic, communist state.
Cuba has a 99.8% literacy rate.

The Communist Party strengthened its one-party rule, with Castro as ultimate leader. Fidel's brother, Raúl Castro, became the army chief and on 24 February 2008 Raúl was elected as the new President.

• Independence from Spain/U.S. - Declared October 10, 1868
from Spain - Republic declared May 20, 1902
from the United States -

• Cuban Revolution January 1, 1959

• Area - Total 109,884 km² (105th)
42,426 sq mi -

• Population -2010 estimate 11,241,894 - 2002 census 11,177,743

• GDP (nominal) 2010 estimate - Total $57.49 billion[19]

Cuba remained a Spanish possession for almost 400 years (1511–1898), with an economy based on plantation agriculture, mining, and the export of sugar, coffee, and tobacco to Europe and later to North America. The work was done primarily by African slaves brought to the island.

Human rights

According to Human Rights Watch, political prisoners, along with the rest of Cuba's prison population, are confined to jails with substandard and unhealthy conditions.

Current news

Fidel Castro warns of nuclear war

Fidel Castro warned that the world was on the brink of a nuclear war which threatened all of humanity. [20]

2.8 Jamaica

Official language= English, Population - July 2010 estimate 2,847,232
Jamaican Government Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy - Monarch Elizabeth II - Governor-General Patrick Allen. Prime Minister Portia Simpson-Miller

Jamaican athlete Usain Bolt has gone down in history once again as the fastest man on Earth. The triple Olympic champion at Beijing 2008 smashed the 100-meter world record with a time of 9.58 seconds, winning the final of the 12th World Championships in Athletics in Berlin.[21]

Current news

6 January 2012 Last updated at 22:19 GMT Help

Jamaica's new prime minister says she wants to remove Queen Elizabeth as head of state. Portia Simpson Miller made the announcement as she was sworn in ahead of the Caribbean island's 50th anniversary of independence later this year. [22]

2.9 Dominican Republic

Official language(s) Spanish Ethnic groups 73%: Multiracia
16%: White
11%: Black Demonym Dominican Government Unitary and Democratic Republic or Representative Democracy.

Independence - from Spain December 1, 1821 - from Haiti February 27, 1844 - from Spain August 16, 1865
Population - 2010 census 9,378,818 [23]

2.10 Haiti

Officially the Republic of Haiti , Haitian Creole and French are the official languages. Haiti is the poorest country in the Americas as per the Human Development Index.

Haiti was struck by a magnitude-7.0 earthquake, the country's most severe earthquake in over 200 years. The epicenter of the quake was just outside the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince.On 10 February the Haitian government gave a death toll of 230,000.Widespread damage resulted from the quake, and the capital city was devastated.The garage sale will be from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Friday and Saturday, May 13.

3. South America

3.1 Colombia

Official language is Spanish Recognised national Lang ages English is also official in San Andrés and Providence islands) Recognised regional languages The 72 languages and dialects of ethnic groups are also official in their regions. [24]

Primary school This school is free. In 2001, 86.7% of children attending this school 89% of these children succeed. In 2002 a rule changed that up to 5% of students at a school may sit a year. Because of this people automatically go to the next year. As regards the delay whatsoever so.This rule tries to push de costs down for the government. [25]

Economic

.Colombia's market economy grew steadily in the latter part of the twentieth century, with gross domestic product (GDP) increasing at an average rate of over 4% per year between 1970 and 1998. According to a report of Statistics and Census Institute (INEC), Colon Free Trade Zone (CFTZ) grew 31% in first half of 2011 over the same period of last year. The expansion occurred as a result of increased orders from almost every Latin America.

Religion

The National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) does not collect religious statistics, and accurate reports are difficult to obtain. However, based on various studies, more than 95% of the population adheres to Christianity,the vast majority of which (between 81% and 90%) are Roman Catholic. About 1% of Colombians adhere to indigenous religions and under 1% to Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism.[26]

Current news

Rally in Colombia calls for Farc hostage release, 7 December 2011 Last updated at 02:47 GMT Help Tens of thousands of people across Colombia have taken part in protests against the left wing Farc rebel group.

Demonstrators in the main cities demanded the rebels free the hostages they hold, many of whom have been in captivity for over a decade.

President Juan Manuel Santos called on the Farc to release the hostages as a sign they want peace. [27]

3.2 Venezuela

Official language(s) Spanish National language Spanish Demonym Venezuelan Government Federal presidential republic Independence - from Spain 5 July 1811 - from Gran Colombia 13 January 1830 - Recognized 30 March 1845 - Current constitution 20 December Caracas ranked the most expensive city in Latin America Runaway inflation in Venezuela has pushed Caracas up to 21st place in the rankings of the world’s most expensive cities published every six months by The Economist.[28].

In 2008, 95.2% of the adult population was literate.

Fernández won the Miss Venezuela 2008 title in a pageant held in Caracas on September 10, 2008. She was crowned by the outgoing titleholder, Dayana Mendoza, Miss Venezuela 2007 and Miss Universe 2008.[29]

The world's highest waterfall, with a height of 979 m (3,212 ft) and a plunge of 807 m (2,648 ft). The waterfall drops over the edge of the Auyantepui mountain in the Canaima National Park UNESCO World Heritage site in the Gran Sabana region of Bolívar State.[30]

3.3 Ecuador

Republic of the Equator) is a representative democratic republic in South America. language in Ecuador is Spanish, Ecuador is a presidential republic and became independent in 1830, after having been part of the Spanish colonial empire and the republic of Gran Colombia.

The capital city is Quito, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the 1970s for having the best preserved and least altered historic centre in Latin America.The country's largest city is Guayaquil. Population - 2011 estimate 15,007,343 - 2010 census 14,306,876[31]

Religion

Approximately 95% of Ecuadorians are Roman Catholic and 5% belong to other religious denominations, including Protestants The Jewish community of Ecuador maintains a synagogue, a school and a home for the aged in Quito.There is a small number of Eastern Orthodox Christians, indigenous religions, Muslims (see Islam in Ecuador), Buddhists and Bahá'í. Ecuador has a number of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, about 1.4% of the population, or about 185,000 members.^[36][37] In 2010, there were 73,215 Jehovah's Witnesses in the country.[32]

Culture

Ecuador's mainstream culture is defined by its Hispanic mestizo majority, and like their ancestry, it is traditionally of Spanish heritage, influenced in different degrees by Amerindian traditions, and in some cases by African elements.The first and most substantial wave of modern immigration to Ecuador consisted of Spanish colonists, following the arrival of Europeans in 1499[33]

Current News

Filed under: Uncategorized — Jelle at 2:35 pm on Monday, January 10, 2011

There was recently a state of emergency declared in Ecuador because of an attempted coup that threatened the life of President Rafael Correa. .[34]

[1] http://www.map-of-south-america.us/history.htm

[1] http://curioustendency.blogspot.com/2011/08/10-biggest-statues-in-tge-world-part-1.html#.T0yM_Fk3rct

[1] http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/na.htm

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[1] http://www.freewebs.com/politicscanadathelast40years/index.htm

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[1] http://eng.templestay.com/board/board.asp?bt=2&idx=117&cid=13

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